Category Archives: Chapter 12 – Empirical studies of speech and language usage

Berelson, B. (1952). Content analysis in communications research. Illinois: Free Press. [FULLTEXT]

Solomon, R. L., & Postman, L. (1952). Frequency of usage as a determinant of recognition thresholds for words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 43, 195-201. doi:10.1037/h0054636. [FULLTEXT]

Noble, C. N. (1952). An analysis of meaning. Psychological Review, 59, 421-430. doi:10.1037/h0054087. [FULLTEXT]

Peterson, G. E., & barney, H. L. (1952). Control methods used in a study of the vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 24, 175-184. doi:10.1121/1.1906875. [FULLTEXT]

Hall, K. (1951). The fitness of signs to words. British Journal of Psychology, 42, 21-33. [FULLTEXT]

Solomon, R. L., & Howes, D. H. (1951). Word frequency, personal values, and visual duration thresholds. Psychological Review, 58, 256-270. doi:10.1037/h0058228. [FULLTEXT]

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Miller, G. A., Heise, G. A., & Lichten, W. (1951). The intelligibility of speech as a function of the context of the test materials. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 41, 329-335. doi:10.1037/h0062491. [FULLTEXT]

Tinker, M. A. (1951). Fixation pause duration in reading. Journal of Educational Research, 44, 471-479. [FULLTEXT]

Carroll, J. B. (1951). Report and recommendations of the Interdisciplinary Summer Seminar in Psychology and Linguistics, Cornell University, June 18-August 10. [FULLTEXT]

Howes, D. H., & Solomon, R. L. (1951). Visual duration threshold as a function of word probability. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 41, 401-410. doi:10.1037/h0056020. [FULLTEXT]

Lee, B. S. (1951). Artificial stutter. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 16, 53-55. [FULLTEXT]

Lee, B. S. (1950). Effects of delayed speech feedback. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 22, 824-826. [FULLTEXT]

Lee, B. S. (1950). Some effects of side-tone delay. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 22, 639-640. [FULLTEXT]

Potter, R. K., & Steinberg, J. C. (1950). Toward the specification of speech. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 22, 807-820. doi:10.1121/1.1906694. [FULLTEXT]

McGinnies, E. (1950). Discussion of Howes’ and Salomon’s note on “Emotionality and perceptual defense”. Psychological Review, 57, 235-240. doi:10.1037/h0061684. [FULLTEXT]

Hall, K., & Oldfield, R. (1950). An experimental study on the fitness of signs to words. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2, 60-70. doi:10.1080/17470215008416576. [FULLTEXT]

Schlosberg, H., & Heineman, C. (1950). The relationship between two measures of response strength. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 40, 235-247. doi:10.1037/h0062267. [FULLTEXT]

Fries, C. C., & Traver, A. A. (1950). English word lists. Ann Arbor, MI: George Wahr Publishing Co. [FULLTEXT]

Underwood, B. J. (1950). Gradients of generalized verbal responses. American Journal of Psychology, 63, 422-430. doi:10.2307/1418006. [FULLTEXT]

Zipf, G. K. (1949). Human behavior and the principle of least effort: An introduction to human eoclogy. Cambridge: Addison-Wesley Press. [FULLTEXT]

McGinnies, E. (1949). Emotionality and perceptual defence. Psychological Review, 56, 244-251. doi:10.1037/h0056508. [FULLTEXT]

Postman, L., Bruner, J. S., & McGinnies, E. (1948). Personal values as selective factors in perception. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 43, 142-154. doi:10.1037/h0059765. [FULLTEXT]

Egan, J. P. (1948). Articulation testing methods. Laryngoscope, 58(9), 955-991. doi:10.1288/00005537-194809000-00002. [FULLTEXT]

Tsao, J. C. (1948). Studies in spaced and massed learning: II Meaningfulness of material and distribution of practice. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1, 79-84. doi:10.1080/17470214808416748. [FULLTEXT]

Miller, G. A. (1947). The masking of speech. Psychological Bulletin, 44, 105-129. doi:10.1037/h0055960. [FULLTEXT]

Flesch, R. (1946). The art of plain talk. New York: Harper & Brothers. [FULLTEXT]

Zipf, G. K. (1946). The psychology of language. In P. L. Harriman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of psychology (pp. 332-341). New York: Philosophical Library. [FULLTEXT]

Helen, F. (1944). The quantitative differentiation of samples of spoken language. Studies in language behavior: Psychological Monographs, 56(2), 19-38. doi:10.1037/h0093509. [FULLTEXT]

Yule, G. U. (1944). The statistical study of literary vocabulary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Carroll, J. B. (1944). The analysis of verbal behavior. Psychological Review, 51(2), 102-119. doi:10.1037/h0061404. [FULLTEXT]

Bachmann-Mann, M. (1944). The quantitative differentiation of samples of written language. Psychological Monographs, 56(2), 39-74. doi:10.1037/h0093510. [FULLTEXT]

Chotlos, J. W. (1944). A statistical and comparative analysis of individual written language samples. Psychological Monographs, 56, 77-111. doi:10.1037/h0093511. [FULLTEXT]

Johnson, W. (Ed.). (1944). Studies in language behavior: A program of research. Psychological Monographs, 56(2), 1-15. [FULLTEXT]

Bingham, W. E. (1943). A study of the relations which the galvanic skin response and sensory reference bear to judgments of the meaningfulness, significance, and importance of 72 words. Journal of Psychology, 16(1), 21-34. doi:10.1080/00223980.1943.9917159. [FULLTEXT]

Thurstone, L. L. (1943). Primary mental abilities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [FULLTEXT]

Zipf, G. K. (1942). Children’s speech. Science, 96, 344-345. doi:10.1126/science.96.2493.344. [FULLTEXT]

Grings, W. W. (1942). The verbal summator technique and verbal mental states. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 37(4), 529-545. doi:10.1037/h0054337. [FULLTEXT]

Mosier, C. I. (1941). A psychometric study of meaning. Journal of Social Psychology, 13, 123-140. doi:10.1080/00224545.1941.9714065. [FULLTEXT]

Thorndike, E. L. (1941). The Thorndike-Century senior dictionary. New York: Appleton-Century. [FULLTEXT]

Carroll, J. B. (1941). A factor analysis of verbal abilities. Psychometrika, 6(5), 279-307. doi:10.1007/BF02288585. [FULLTEXT]

Johnson, D. M., & Reynolds, F. A. (1941). A factor analysis of verbal ability. Psychological Record, 4, 183-195. [FULLTEXT]

Zipf, G. K. (1941). National unity and disunity: The nation as a bio-social organism. Bloomington: Principia Press. [FULLTEXT]

Osgood, C. E. (1941). Ease of individual judgment-processes in relation to polarization of attitudes in the culture. Journal of Social Psychology, 14, 403-418. doi:10.1080/00224545.1941.9918779. [FULLTEXT]

Shakow, D., & Rosenzweig, S. (1940). The use of the tautophone (“verbal summator”) as an auditory apperceptive test for the study of personality. European Journal of Personality, 8, 216-226. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1940.tb02177.x. [FULLTEXT]

Brener, R. (1940). An experimental investigation of memory span. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 26(5), 467-482. doi:10.1037/h0061096. [FULLTEXT]

Williams, B. (1940). A note on the statistical analysis of sentence-length as a criterion of literary style. Biometrika, 31, 356-361. doi:10.2307/2332615. [FULLTEXT]

Yule, G. U. (1939). On sentence-length as a statistical characteristic of style in prose: With application to two cases of disputed authorship. Biometrica, 30, 363-390. doi:10.2307/2332655. [FULLTEXT]

Trussell, M. A. (1939). The diagnostic value of the verbal summator. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 34, 533-538. doi:10.1037/h0058202. [FULLTEXT]

Johnson, W. (1939). Language and speech hygiene. Chicago: Institute of General Semantics.